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The final frontier: Universal space travel

Saturday, August 30th 2014 03:36 AM

Source: XCOR Aerospace XCOR Aerospace's rendering of its Lynx Mark III, a reusable space vehicle that will take off from a conventional runway  More than three decades after the launch of the first space shuttle mission (and three years after the last one), investment in new human spaceflight systems is back with an intensity the aerospace industry hasn't seen since the heady days of the Space Race.   In the first half of this year, Elon Musk's Hawthorne, California-based SpaceX unveiled both an experimental reusable rocket stage and a new crew vehicle for carrying humans into orbit. By year's end, NASA will select a new crew vehicle from four commercial options, and its next-generation interplanetary crew vehicle, under development by Lockheed Martin, will begin flight tests.  Next year Mojave, California-based XCOR Aerospace will begin flying its two-seat suborbital Lynx spaceplane. In 2017, Sierra Nevada Corp. plans to send its seven-seat...

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How Do You Sleep In Space?

Friday, August 29th 2014 12:29 AM




Photo Credit: NASA/Chris Gunn  A NASA photographer recently captured a "NIRSpec-tacular" photo of an instrument that will fly aboard NASA's James Webb Space Telescope when it launches in 2018.  Access into a clean room to get a close-up view of a complicated, high-value scientific instrument is carefully controlled, but NASA photographers get such exclusive entry all the time. Photographer Chris Gunn took this image of the NIRSpec instrument inside the giant cleanroom at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland.  The Near-Infrared Spectrograph or NIRSpec is a multi-object spectrograph, which is a tool for observing many objects in the cosmos simultaneously. The NIRSpec takes in light from around 100 distant objects and records their spectra (band of colors produced when sunlight is passed through a prism), separating the light into its components using prisms and other optical devices.    The NIRSpec will j...

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The Observatories

Thursday, August 28th 2014 12:05 AM

This video, which was selected as the winner of the 2014 STARMUS astrophotography competition, is the result of over three years of work and includes the images of the following observatories:* Roque De Los Muchachos Observatory, La Palma; * Australian Square Kilometre Array Pathfinder, Murchison, Australia; * Australia Telescope Compact Array, Narrarbri, Australia;* Parkes Radio Observatory, Australia; * Siding Spring Observatory, Australia;* Mount John Observatory, New Zealand

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Evidence for Supernovas Near Earth

Wednesday, August 27th 2014 07:26 AM




Airships That Carry Science Into the Stratosphere

Wednesday, August 27th 2014 12:22 AM

Airships are dusty relics of aviation history. Lighter-than-air vehicles conjure images of the Hindenburg, in its glory and destruction, and the Goodyear Blimp, a floating billboard that barely resembles its powerful predecessors.  But now engineers are designing sleek new airships that could streak past layers of cloud and chart a course through the thin, icy air of the stratosphere, 65,000 feet above the ground — twice the usual altitude of a jetliner. Steered by scientists below, these aerodynamic balloons might be equipped with onboard telescopes that peer into distant galaxies or gather oceanic data along a coastline.  “Stratospheric airships could give us spacelike conditions from a spacelike platform, but without the spacelike costs,” said Sarah Miller, an astrophysicist at the University of California, Irvine.  High-altitude airships are still in their relative infancy. None has ever flown at 65,000 feet for longer than eight hours....

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Inside Gaia's billion-pixel camera

Tuesday, August 26th 2014 05:45 AM




DESY and IBM develop big data architecture for science

Saturday, August 23rd 2014 12:38 AM

DESY’s PETRA III research light source have carried out the first studies of living biological cells using high-energy X-rays. PETRA III can analyze crystals even smaller than one micrometer across and is being used to analyze minuscule particles like delicate biomolecules. IBM today announced it is collaborating with Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), a leading national research center in Germany, to speed up management and storage of massive volumes of x-ray data. The planned Big Data and Analytics architecture based on IBM software defined technology can handle more than 20 gigabyte per second of data at peak performance and help scientists worldwide gain faster insights into the atomic structure of novel semiconductors, catalysts, biological cells and other samples.  DESY's 1.7 mile-long PETRA III accelerator is a super microscope that speeds up electrically charged particles nearly to the speed of light – approximately 186,000 miles per...

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Left: the image of Io taken in the near-infrared with adaptive optics at the Gemini North telescope on August 29, 2013. Image credit: Katherine de Kleer / UC Berkeley / Gemini Observatory / AURA. Right: NASA’s Galileo spacecraft acquired this image of Io in July 1999. Image credit: NASA / JPL / University of Arizona.  Io – the innermost of the four Galilean moons of Jupiter and the fourth-largest moon in our Solar System – is 3,630 km across.  Aside from Earth, it is the only known place in the Solar System with volcanoes erupting hot lava like that on our planet.  Volcanoes were first discovered on Io in 1979, and subsequent studies by NASA’s Galileo spacecraft and ground-based telescopes show that eruptions and lava fountains occur constantly, creating rivers and lakes of lava.  Only 13 giant eruptions were observed between 1978 and 2006, in part because only a handful of astronomers regularly scan the moon.  In August 2013, Dr...

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Every Black Hole Contains a New Universe

Friday, August 22nd 2014 06:08 AM

At the center of spiral galaxy M81 is a supermassive black hole about 70 million times more massive than our sun.  Inside Science Minds presents an ongoing series of guest columnists and personal perspectives presented by scientists, engineers, mathematicians, and others in the science community showcasing some of the most interesting ideas in science today.  (ISM) -- Our universe may exist inside a black hole. This may sound strange, but it could actually be the best explanation of how the universe began, and what we observe today. It's a theory that has been explored over the past few decades by a small group of physicists including myself.   Successful as it is, there are notable unsolved questions with the standard big bang theory, which suggests that the universe began as a seemingly impossible "singularity," an infinitely small point containing an infinitely high concentration of matter, expanding in size to what we observe today. Th...

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